El debate que abrió el ministro de Consumo, Alberto Garzón, al pedir comer menos carne para proteger la salud y el planeta, fue duramente contestado desde distintos sectores de la derecha y empresariales. Incluso el propio presidente del Gobierno, Pedro Sánchez, contestó de forma irónica: “A mí, donde me pongan un chuletón al punto... Eso es imbatible"

A debate that Garzón himself has been in charge of intensifying a couple after, questioning the quality of the carnic sector in an interview with the British newspaper ‘The Guardian’.Declarations that he refounded hours later, after the criticisms received, even by members of the coalition government.“It is evident that I am against the macrogranjas, as there are many people, but my statements are as a consumer minister, of course.It could not be otherwise in the case of a matter that is also the competence of the Ministry of Consumer, "he said.

Industrial livestock is devouring the planet

Pero es cierto que como advierte la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (FAO), la ganadería supone a nivel mundial el 14,5% de las emisiones de gases invernadero responsable del calentamiento. De igual manera es cierto que si los españoles lográramos ajustarnos al consumo moderado de carne recomendado por las autoridades sanitarias, podrían alcanzarse unareducción del 50% de las emisiones.

En una actual campaña de Greenpace se advierte de que la ganadería industrial está devorando el planeta siendo las macrogranjas la cara más cruel y sucia de este negocio. Según este movimiento global integrado por más de 3 millones de personas en 55 países, que actúan para poner fin a los abusos contra el medio ambiente, el modelo de producción de las macrogranjas se basa en una sencilla premisa: alimentar y utilizar a los animales lo más rápidamente posible y bajo cualquier condición para maximizar los beneficios. En concreto en nuestro país se realiza con lo que Greepace denomina “eficacia siniestra”, es decir el número de vacas se ha duplicado y el de cerdos se ha multiplicado por 5 en España desde los años 60. Se trata por tanto de un número altísimo, de millones de animales.

Macrogranja of cows

Advierte en su campaña que actualmente estas corporaciones cárnicas quieren seguir expandiéndose y pone de ejemplo a Valle de Odieta, sociedad cooperativa propietaria de la macrogranja en la localidad navarra de Caparroso. Una explotación con medio millón de metros y 4.700 vacas en ordeño que producen 160.000 litros diarios cuestionada por distintas organizaciones ecologistas que denuncian que la explotación no cumple con la normativa exigida y la señalan como responsable de vertidos contaminantes al río Aragón, algo que la empresa niega. Los opositores a esta explotación también denuncian un supuesto trato inadecuado a los animales y su hacinamiento. Desde la empresa esgrimen que a finales de 2020 el Tribunal Superior de Justicia de Navarra emitió una sentencia favorable para su ampliación, a pesar de que no había obtenido anteriormemte el visto bueno del departamento de Medio Ambiente.

Viaje al interior de las macrogranjas, un documento escalofriante con la cara más cruel de este negocio

Greenpace's notice and alarm focuses that Valle de Odieta is projecting a huge extension in Noviercas (Soria) for 23,520 animals.If the largest macrogranja in Europe would be constituted in Spain.If Greenpace warns that the consequences can be terrible.Among the threats and consequences cite to water pollution, greenhouse emissions, use of huge extensions of land, deforestation for pastures and for food cultivation for livestock, damage to health and abuse to animals.They also point out that they are a false solution against rural depopulation.

Swine macrogranjas

Greenpace has also noticed the breeding of pigs that live an unprecedented bum in Spain.Such is its growth that has led our country to become the main European producer thanks to the expansion of pig macrogranjas that emerged throughout the territory, especially by poorly populated areas. Greenpeace has visited different facilities in recent months.Most of them are relatively isolated, on the outskirts of small villages and sometimes with private access.There are greater and smaller size, but in general they have common characteristics: the poor (or at least doubtful) management of the slurries that often cause episodes of water pollution;The bad odors and the noise of the berrides of the animals that give an idea of the conditions in which they are inside or the high emissions of greenhouse and ammonia effect gas.

Journey inside a swine macrogranja: methane and ammonia

Una de estas instalaciones visitadas ha sido el megacomplejo cárnico granadino de Castilléjar. Esta tranquila localidad de la comarca de Huéscar en el noreste de la provincia, conocido como el altiplano granadino, acoge a la explotación porcina más contaminante de España por metano y amoniaco, y que pueden “producir” la friolera de 651.000 lechones al año. Su titular es Cefusa, una empresa del Grupo Fuertes, dueña de El Pozo.A unos diez kilómetros del pueblo, la matriz del grupo El Pozo levantó un gigantesco complejo de macrogranjas dividido en diez núcleos con varias naves cada uno. En ellas ‘se producen’ y engordan los animales antes de ser enviados al sacrificio o a otras plantas. En su corto ciclo de vida, producen ingentes cantidades de contaminantes, una problemática agravada por la elevada concentración de madres reproductoras.

Fulfilling exhaustive protection and disinfection measures, a Greenpeace research team was ableToday, and as it appears in the last integrated environmental authorization granted, the farm has ten exploitation cores for 8,122.8 UGM.Of the ten nuclei, seven are dedicated to the "exploitation of mothers" and three to the "piglet of piglets" up to 20 kg of weight.In total, the facilities can house 21,000 bristles with piglets up to 6 kg, 140 veracos, 3,325 replacement bristles, 1,540 replacement piglets and 117,600 piglets between 6 and 20 kg.

650,000 piglets per year but only 150 jobs

According to CEFUSA accounts: “When everything is at full performance there will be a total of 7 pig production farms with 3,000 bristles in production each.The yields, as long as health is maintained, would be between 30-31 piglets weaned by sow and year over the next 5 years.Although it is expected that over the years and with genetic and health improvement it can be increased.Therefore, at full performance there would be 7 farms x 3000 mothers x 31 weaned piglets = 651,000 weaned pigs/year.To take them to 20 kg.There are about 5 weeks and there is usually 0.5 % casualties.Therefore, about 645,000-648,000 piglets/year to gain weight in farms made up of the company.

These gigantic facilities, which need attention and care 24/7 365 days a year, are managed, according to official data, for only 150 people.A simple division demonstrates that, a priori, each of the ten nuclei composed of several ships would have only 15 employees, which would explain the lack of hygiene and dirt, and the little attention to the animals derived from a productive model of macrogranjasthat seeks the lower possible costs to the owners.

Very aggressive model

The Cefusa farm in Castilléjar, according to Greenpace, is a real factory to piece of animals.A very aggressive model to get fast and quantity to the lowest possible cost for the company.However, Cefusa ensures that all its ‘farms’ are certified in animal welfare, something that, after the investigation by Greenpeace, doubts its compliance or the validity of these labels to ensure decent conditions to animals.

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